Author: ORCID

Abstracts:
- »Anna Kleiman re-examines the socio-cultural scandal surrounding the exhibition of Olympia by Manet in the Parisian Salon of 1856. Her study analyzes the tensions of women's appearances with visual representations of women, and their manifestation in themes as objectification and sexual violence. Kleiman argues that the scandal evoked around the exhibition of Olympia in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century is a predecessor to the socio-cultural tendency in western societies to this day, to lay the responsibility of such scandals on the women that did not cause them. In this regard, Kleiman discusses social discourses around sexual violence-that echo in state institutions around the world-that still blame victims and targets rather than the assaulters and the social contexts that allow these phenomena to thrive.« (Source: Haller, André, et al. Scandalogy 4: Political Scandals in the Age of Populism, Partisanship, and Polarization. Edited by André Haller et al. Cham 2024: 4-5)

- »This study re-examines the socio-cultural scandal surrounding the exhibition of Manet's Olympia in the Parisian Salon of 1865, byshifting the spotlight away from the painting toward the outraged Parisian viewers. Using the argument of scandalogists (research of scandals), that scandal is usually perceived as a result, when it is more of a scandalization process (Coombs & Holladay, 2020, p. 144). By means of close reading, I decipher the destructive responses toward the painting, of both critics and viewers of the time as well as of art historians in the 1980s, who's studies reached a canonical status in the art history discipline. Lighting aesthetic judgement of nude genre painting as camouflage of violent power, I conclude by inquiring into the phenomenon of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the public sphere and into the blaming of its targets as an expression and perpetuation of men's domination over the public sphere.« (Source: Article)

Contents:

	Abstract (p. 93)
	1 Introduction (p. 93)
	2 Methods and Concepts (p. 95)
	3 Analysis and Critique (p. 97)
		3.1 Critique on Clark's Analysis (p. 97)
		3.2 Critique on Bernheimer's Analysis (p. 99)
		3.3 Other Readings (p. 100)
	4 Critique of Close Reading of Nudes (p. 102)
	5 Discussion: Sexist Violence (p. 104)
	6 Conclusion (p. 106)
	References (p. 107)

Wikipedia: History of Europe: History of France / Second French Empire | Painting: Modernism / Édouard Manet, Olympia (Manet) | Sex and the law: Sexual harassment